What aspect of aquatic ecosystems can be affected by pesticide runoff?

Pesticide runoff significantly impacts aquatic biodiversity, which refers to the variety and variability of life forms within aquatic environments, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and their ecosystems. When pesticides enter water bodies through runoff, they can be toxic to a wide range of aquatic organisms, disrupting their populations and leading to a decline in species richness and even the loss of certain species.

The introduction of these chemicals can alter food webs, as sensitive species may be more affected than others, potentially leading to a decrease in the populations of certain fish, invertebrates, and plants essential for maintaining ecological balance. Furthermore, the reduction of biodiversity can impair the functions of the ecosystem, such as nutrient cycling and water filtration, ultimately affecting the health of the water body and the organisms that inhabit it. This is why the impact on aquatic biodiversity stands out as a critical concern when considering the implications of pesticide runoff in aquatic ecosystems.