What does "eutrophication" refer to in aquatic ecosystems?

Eutrophication refers specifically to the nutrient enrichment of water bodies, which typically leads to excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae. This process is primarily driven by an increase in nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, often from runoff containing fertilizers, sewage, or detergents.

When these nutrients enter a water body, they can stimulate algal blooms that reduce light penetration, disrupt aquatic ecosystems, and lead to subsequent conditions, such as hypoxia or fish kills as oxygen levels drop. Understanding eutrophication is critical for aquatic managers and pesticide applicators, as managing nutrient levels is essential to maintaining healthy ecosystems and preventing the negative impacts of these blooms.

The other options presented describe different concepts that do not align with the definition of eutrophication, such as techniques for controlling pests or managing fish populations. Thus, recognizing the significance of nutrient enrichment in aquatic systems is key to addressing water quality concerns effectively.